“Sir, we speak of ‘fracture in the Sangha’. But how is there fracture in the Sangha, yet not schism? And how is there both fracture and schism in the Sangha?” “(1) Upāli, I’ve laid down the proper conduct for newly-arrived monks. Even though I’ve carefully laid down the training rules, the newly-arrived monks don’t practice that proper conduct. In this way, there’s fracture in the Sangha, but not schism. (2) I’ve laid down the proper conduct for resident monks. Even though I’ve carefully laid down the training rules, the resident monks don’t practice that proper conduct. In this way, there’s fracture in the Sangha, but not schism. (3) I’ve laid down the proper conduct for monks in the dining hall: the best seat, the best water, and the best almsfood is to be given out according to seniority and according to what’s proper. Even though I’ve carefully laid down the training rules, the junior monks block the senior monks from seats. In this way, there’s fracture in the Sangha, but not schism. (4) I’ve laid down the proper conduct for the monks in regard to dwellings: they’re to be given out according to seniority and according to what’s proper. Even though I’ve carefully laid down the training rules, the junior monks block the senior monks from dwellings. In this way, there’s fracture in the Sangha, but not schism. (5) For monks within the same monastery zone, I’ve laid down this: a joint observance-day ceremony; a joint invitation ceremony; joint legal procedures of the Sangha; joint legal procedures of whatever kind. Even though I’ve carefully laid down the training rules, they form a faction, a subgroup, right there within the monastery zone. They then do a separate observance-day ceremony, a separate invitation ceremony, separate legal procedures of the Sangha, or separate legal procedures of whatever kind. In this way, there’s both fracture and schism in the Sangha.”

The tenth subchapter on the resolving of legal issues is finished.

This is the summary:

“Offenses, legal issues, Desire, and with ignorant; And the actions that are the bases, and unskilled, Individual, and with worldly things; Schism, and fracture in the Sangha, And so too schism in the Sangha.”

11. The subchapter on schism in the Sangha “Sir, what sort of monk who has caused a schism in the Sangha is irredeemably destined to an eon in hell?”