Sixteen Qualities That Make One Hard to Admonish
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Sixteen Qualities That Make One Hard to Admonish

Soḷasa dovacassakaraṇā dhammā

Sixteen mirrors for the mind from the Anumāna Sutta — habits that make people stop correcting us, and how to check ourselves by inference from others.

16 points

In the Anumāna Sutta, Mahāmoggallāna teaches that even if a monk invites others to admonish him, if he has the qualities that make one difficult to admonish, his companions will not think he should be corrected or instructed, nor trust him. He lists sixteen such qualities.

The discourse is named after the method of self-examination he teaches — "inference" (anumāna): a person with this quality is displeasing and disagreeable to me; if I had the same quality, I would be displeasing to others. Then one resolves not to be like that.

It ends with the simile of a young person fond of adornment who looks in a mirror, and on seeing dust or a blemish on their face hurries to remove it, and on seeing none is glad. Examine your own mind every day in the same way: if you see any of these qualities, strive to abandon it; if not, abide in joy and gladness, training day and night.

  1. 1

    Having evil wishes Pāpiccho

    Being in the grip of bad desires, such as wanting recognition or wanting to be seen as better than one is.

    Applying it in daily life

    Before posting or telling a good story about yourself, ask whether you're sharing or building an image.

  2. 2

    Praising oneself and disparaging others Attukkaṃsako paravambhī

    Habitually lifting oneself up and looking down on others.

    Applying it in daily life

    Notice whether, when telling of someone else's mistake, you tend to add "if it had been me..."

  3. 3

    Angry and overcome by anger Kodhano hoti kodhābhibhūto

    Quick to anger and letting it take charge, so that people around you don't dare speak the truth.

    Applying it in daily life

    If people have to "read your mood" before speaking, that is a clear sign of this one.

  4. 4

    Resentful because of anger Kodhahetu upanāhī

    Getting angry and holding on to it, nursing a grudge for a long time.

    Applying it in daily life

    Count how many things from last year still make you heated whenever they come up.

  5. 5

    Stubborn because of anger Kodhahetu abhisaṅgī

    Getting angry and staying stuck on it, suspicious and unwilling to let it go.

    Applying it in daily life

    When someone you've clashed with does something, notice whether you always interpret it the worst way first.

  6. 6

    Uttering words bordering on anger Kodhasāmantā vācaṃ nicchāretā

    Getting angry and speaking harshly in a way that betrays the anger.

    Applying it in daily life

    Listen to your tone of voice with family after a tiring day. It often reveals more than your words.

  7. 7

    Resisting the one who admonishes Codakena codakaṃ paṭippharati

    When admonished, immediately arguing with or opposing the one who admonishes.

    Applying it in daily life

    Practise answering the first criticism with "Thank you, let me think about it" — even if you think they're wrong.

  8. 8

    Denigrating the one who admonishes Codakena codakaṃ apasādeti

    When admonished, belittling or dismissing the one who admonishes.

    Applying it in daily life

    Notice the thought "Who are they to criticise me?" Whether a criticism is right doesn't depend on who says it.

  9. 9

    Counter-accusing the one who admonishes Codakassa paccāropeti

    When admonished, bringing up the admonisher's faults in return.

    Applying it in daily life

    If you want to reply "What about you?", recognise that you're changing the subject. Their issue can be discussed later.

  10. 10

    Evading the question Aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati

    When admonished, dodging with another matter, steering the talk elsewhere, and showing anger, hatred and bitterness.

    Applying it in daily life

    When you're called out on one thing and start explaining three others, stop and come back to the first.

  11. 11

    Not accounting for one's conduct Apadāne na sampāyati

    When admonished, failing to explain or plainly acknowledge what one actually did.

    Applying it in daily life

    The simple fact "Yes, I did that" lets the conversation move on far better than a long excuse.

  12. 12

    Contemptuous and domineering Makkhī paḷāsī

    Belittling others' good qualities and putting oneself on a par with those who deserve respect.

    Applying it in daily life

    When someone succeeds, notice whether you tend to add "they just got lucky".

  13. 13

    Envious and stingy Issukī maccharī

    Envious of others' good fortune and possessive of what one has, unwilling to share.

    Applying it in daily life

    Try sharing something you know or have with someone you secretly envy. These two are often cured together by giving.

  14. 14

    Fraudulent and deceitful Saṭho māyāvī

    Presenting oneself as better than one is and hiding one's faults through trickery.

    Applying it in daily life

    Ask whether there is anything, however small, that you're trying to make people see differently from how it really is.

  15. 15

    Obstinate and arrogant Thaddho atimānī

    Hard-hearted, unyielding, and regarding oneself as above others.

    Applying it in daily life

    Recall the last time you apologised first. If you can't remember, this quality may be present.

  16. 16

    Clinging to one's own views, holding tight, hard to let go Sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī

    Putting one's own opinions first, grasping them firmly and relinquishing them with difficulty.

    Applying it in daily life

    Ask which of your views you changed this year because someone gave a better reason. If none, watch out for this one.

Try it in daily life

The most effective way to use it: pick someone you dislike because "you can't tell them anything", write down why they can't be corrected, then read the list back and see which items are in you. That is exactly the inference the discourse teaches.

And if you notice that lately no one criticises or corrects you at all, don't conclude there's nothing to correct. It may be that people around you have stopped trying — precisely the warning sign this discourse describes.

Sources in the Tipiṭaka

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