The Ten Qualities That Make a Refuge
Practice

The Ten Qualities That Make a Refuge

Dasa nāthakaraṇadhammā

Ten qualities that let a person stand on their own — covering conduct, learning, friendship, effort and wisdom.

10 points

These are the qualities that make a person a refuge: ten attributes by which someone can genuinely stand on their own, and thereby become a support for others too.

What is striking is that they are not only about training the mind. They include how you get on with others — having good friends, being open to correction, and pitching in with shared work — because someone who truly stands on their own is not someone who can live alone, but someone who can live among others without being a burden.

  1. 1

    Virtue Sīlavā

    Conduct that harms nobody and stays within good order — the first foundation, which spares you from constantly repairing problems you created.

    Applying it in daily life

    Keep what you promise, to others and to yourself. Someone whose word holds is someone others can rely on.

  2. 2

    Being well-learned Bahussuto

    Having accumulated knowledge through study and retaining what is useful, so that decisions don't have to be guesses.

    Applying it in daily life

    Read or listen to something substantial regularly and write down what you got. Organised knowledge is far quicker to call on.

  3. 3

    Having good friends Kalyāṇamitto

    Keeping company with good people who lead you upward, because the social environment sets the direction of a life more than most admit.

    Applying it in daily life

    Invest time in people who make you want to be better, and reduce time with those around whom your standards slip.

  4. 4

    Being easy to admonish Suvaco

    Taking correction and actually adjusting, without standing guard or sulking. It is the quality that makes people willing to tell you the truth.

    Applying it in daily life

    When corrected, always say "thank you, let me think about it" first, and consider it once you've cooled down.

  5. 5

    Readiness to help with what needs doing Kiṅkaraṇīyesu dakkho

    Being willing and capable in the group's work, without objecting that it isn't your job.

    Applying it in daily life

    Take on one shared task nobody wants. People remember that longer than a single outstanding result.

  6. 6

    Loving the Dhamma Dhammakāmo

    Delighting in hearing and discussing the teaching, and being glad to learn what is right — not merely doing it as a duty.

    Applying it in daily life

    Make time at least weekly to listen to or read the teaching, and talk over what you heard with someone close.

  7. 7

    Rousing energy Āraddhaviriyo

    Doing what should be done continuously, not shirking it and not waiting to feel ready first.

    Applying it in daily life

    Set a small task you can do even on a bad day and keep the streak. Consistency builds a new self faster than occasional intensity.

  8. 8

    Contentment Santuṭṭho

    Being satisfied with what has been rightly obtained, so that energy isn't spent chasing what isn't needed.

    Applying it in daily life

    Distinguish clearly between what is necessary and what you want because others have it. That distinction helps both the finances and the mind.

  9. 9

    Mindfulness Satimā

    Being aware of what you do, say and think, so that you don't create problems without meaning to.

    Applying it in daily life

    Attach mindfulness to one daily routine, then extend it to harder moments — such as while being provoked.

  10. 10

    Wisdom Paññavā

    Understanding reasons and seeing things as they are, knowing what should and should not be done. The last quality, which keeps the other nine used in the right place at the right time.

    Applying it in daily life

    Review the lessons of what has happened from time to time. Wisdom grows from digesting experience, not from accumulating it.

Try it in daily life

Use it as an annual self-assessment: score the ten and pick the two lowest to work on that year.

The ones people usually fail are the fourth (being easy to admonish) and the fifth (pitching in with shared work), because both run against the feeling of being right and the reluctance to spend time on work that isn't yours.

Sources in the Tipiṭaka

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