The earth: there are two kinds of earth: productive earth and unproductive earth. Productive earth: pure soil, pure clay, with few stones, with few pebbles, with few potsherds, with little gravel, with little sand; mostly soil, mostly clay. If it is unburned, it is also called “productive earth”. A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for more than four months—this too is called “productive earth”. Unproductive earth: just stones, just pebbles, just potsherds, just gravel, just sand, with little soil, with little clay; mostly stones, mostly pebbles, mostly potsherds, mostly gravel, mostly sand. If it is burned, it is also called “unproductive earth”. A pile of soil or clay that has been rained on for less than four months—this too is called “unproductive earth”. Digs: if he digs it himself, he commits an offense entailing confession. Has dug: if he asks another, he commits an offense entailing confession. If he only asks once, then even if the other digs a lot, he commits one offense entailing confession.

Permutations If it is earth, and he perceives it as such, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is earth, but he is unsure of it, and he digs it or has it dug, or he breaks it or has it broken, or he burns it or has it burned, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.